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| Instructions to Authors |
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Enacted June 1, 1987
Revised December 1, 2009 |
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| Manuscripts for submission to the Korean Journal of
Ophthalmology (KJO) should be prepared according to the following
instructions. KJO follows the Uniform Requirements
for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing
and Editing for Biomedical Publication [1], if not otherwise
described below. |
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| PUBLICATION TYPES, QUALIFICATION FOR
AUTHORS AND LANGUAGE |
| KJO focuses on clinical and experimental studies, case reports,
reviews, letters to the editor, book reviews, editorials and
announcements. Any physicians or researchers throughout the
world can submit a manuscript if the scope of the manuscript is
appropriate. Manuscripts should be submitted in English.
Medical terminology should be written based on the most recent
edition of Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary [2] or
the most recent edition of English-Korean Korean-English
Medical Terminology [3], published by the Korean Medical
Association. |
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| RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICS |
| For the policies on research and publication ethics that are
not stated in these instructions, the Good Publication Practice
Guidelines for Medical Journals [4] or the Guidelines on Good
Publication Practice [5] can be applied. |
| Registration of clinical trial research: |
| Any research that deals with a clinical trial should be registered
with a primary national clinical trial registration site such
as http://ncrc.cdc.go.kr/cris, or other sites accredited by the
WHO or the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. |
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| Conflict of interest: |
| Authors are required to disclose commercial
or similar relationships to products or companies mentioned
in or related to the subject matter of the article being
submitted. Sources of funding for the article should be acknowledged
in a footnote on the title page. Affiliations of authors
should include corporate appointments relating to or in
connection with products or companies mentioned in the article. |
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| Ethical consideration: |
| When doing research on human subjects,
the purpose of the research and the psychological and
physical injuries which may occur from participation in the research
must be fully explained to patients or guardians based
upon the Declaration of Helsinki [6], and agreement for participation
should be obtained. |
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| Statement on the use of animals: |
| When doing research on
animal subjects, efforts should be made to minimize the pain
and discomfort of experimental animals according to the
guidelines of the ARVO Statement for Use of Animals in Ophthalmic
and Vision Research [7], and that should be stated. |
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| Publication ethics: |
| Studies should pursue the fundamental
principles of honesty, truthfulness, and accuracy in all research
activities, and reject dishonest acts such as fabrication, falsification,
and plagiarism. |
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| Secondary publication: |
| It is possible to republish manuscripts
if the manuscripts satisfy the condition of secondary
publication of the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts
Submitted to Biomedical Journals [1]. |
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| COPYRIGHT TRANSFER |
| The copyright on all published articles will be held by the
Korean Ophthalmological Society. At the time of submission,
each manuscript should be accompanied by an original
Copyright Transfer Agreement signed by all authors. |
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| MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION GUIDELINES |
Manuscripts must be submitted in scientifically correct English.
Articles received that do not comply with this requirement will
be returned to the author before being considered for publication.
All manuscripts must be submitted online via the Korean
Ophthalmological Society e-submission & Review System
(http://www.ophthalmology.org/kjo). The text must be submitted
as a Microsoft Office Word (*.doc) file. The article must
be in 10-point font, double-spaced, and with 2.5-cm margins
Initiative Type of study Source
CONSORT Randomized controlled trials http://www.consort-statement.org/ STARD Studies of diagnostic accuracy http://www.stard-statement.org/ PRISMA Systematic reviews and meta-analyses http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2714672/?tool=pubmed
STOBE Observational studies in epidemiology http://www.strobe-statement.org/
MOOSE Meta-analyses of observational studies in epidemiology http://www.consort-statement.org/Initiatives/MOOSE/moose.pdf
on each side. A running title of not more than 50 characters including
blank space and page number should appear at the top
right of each page. No abbreviations should be included in the title. |
| Reporting guidelines for specific study designs: |
For each specific study design, such as a randomized control
study, study of diagnostic accuracy, meta-analysis, observational
study or non-randomized study, it is recommended that authors
follow the reporting guidelines listed in following table [1].
All manuscripts should be accompanied by the Application
for Publication and the checklist should be completed for
Manuscript Submission. The application should contain the title
of the paper, names and institutional addresses, contact
numbers and signatures of all author(s). It should also include
information on prior or duplicate publication or submission
and the originality of the manuscript, as well as any other information
that the authors want to convey to the Editor-in-Chief.
The authors should indicate whether the manuscript was previously
rejected or evaluated in any form by another journal,
and they should describe specifically how they have improved
the manuscript.
All manuscripts should conform to the checklist. |
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| Style: |
All papers should contain:
1) title page,
2) abstract,
3)
introduction,
4) materials and methods,
5) discussion (by referring
to the literature),
6) reference,
7) illustrations and explanatory
captions, and
8) table in that order.
Sequence numbers should not be used to describe the text. |
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| Title page: |
| This page should contain the article title, full
name(s) of author(s), department(s) and institution(s), and the
name, address, e-mail address, and telephone and fax numbers
of the corresponding author. No abbreviations should be used
for department and institution. The title should not exceed 15
words and two lines. The first letter of each word should be
capitalized except for a particle, preposition, or conjunction.
The title should not include any abbreviations or product
names. If the paper has been presented in an academic conference,
the title of the seminar, date, and place should be noted at
the bottom of the page. Sponsorships or subsidies, if any, must
also be disclosed. |
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| Abstract: |
| The abstract should provide an overview of all text
in a concise manner. The abstract should not exceed 250 words
and be structured to include the following sections: Purpose,
Methods, Results, and Conclusions. Up to 5 keywords may be
listed alphabetically after the abstract. The keywords should be
from MeSH [8], should be separated by a comma, and the first
letter of each word should be capitalized. |
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| Text: |
| Introduction: The main purposes of the study should be systematically
presented in a cohesive and logical manner. Any
background information should be mentioned only when it is
closely linked to the purpose, and factors irrelevant to the study
should be avoided. |
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| Materials and Methods: The purpose of research, materials,
and methods should be described in detail, including how subjects
were composed and surveyed. In addition, experimental
procedures should be specific enough that they can be repeated
if the method of the experiment is important. |
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| Results: The results of the study should be described accurately
and logically. The observed data should be statistically
evaluated for biological measurements, if there are lots of
changes in data. Tables should not duplicate information that
was mentioned in the text but be used to highlight key numerical
information and points of interest. |
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Discussion: Discuss elements related to the purpose of the
study and clarify results that support the conclusion by referring
to the relevant literature while avoiding historical facts,
book contents, and other irrelevant information.
Abbreviations must be defined immediately following the
first use in the abstract, main text, figures, and tables. Nonstandard
abbreviations should be avoided. Drugs and chemical
names should be stated in standard chemical or generic
nomenclature. Units of measure should be presented according
to the International System (SI) of units [9]. Clinical data may
be presented in conventional units with SI units in parentheses. |
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| References |
| The list of references should be arranged in numerical order
according to the sequence of citations within the text. That is,
the citation number in the reference list and the number that appear
in the text citation should be identical for the same
reference. If not otherwise described here, it should follow the
NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [10]. |
1) List name or names to cite a reference in the text: One author: Kim1, Two authors: Kim and Park1, Three or more:
Kim et al.1
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| 2) All references should be cited in the text. Any thesis that
has not been published should be listed with a remark of
“to be published in [month]” instead of the volume page
number. |
| 3) Any source marked as “cited from...” cannot be valid.
Abstracts, posters, word of mouth, and manufacturer's
manuals cannot be cited as references. |
| 4) Each reference should be cited as [1], [1, 7] or [1-3] at the
end of the related phrases in the text. |
| 5) List names of all authors when four or less. When five or
more, list only the first three names and add et al. |
Journal Article: References for journal articles should list
the author(s), the full title of the article, the journal title, the
year of publication, the volume number and page range.
References for journal articles should conform to the journal title
abbreviations used in Index Medicus [11].
Cho H, Choi A, Kang SW. Effect of internal limiting membrane
removal in treatment of retinal detachment caused by
myopic macular hole. Korean J Ophthalmol 2004;18:141-7.
Book & Book chapter: Book chapter references should list
the author(s), chapter title, the book editor, the full title, the edition,
the place of publication, the publisher, the year of publication
and page range.
Miller NR, Newman NJ, Biousse V, Kerrison JB, editors.
Walsh and Hoyt's clinical neuro-ophthalmology. 6th ed.
Baltimore: Lipponcott Williams & Wilkins; 2005. p. 15-20.
Parks MM, Mitchell PR. Cranial nerve palsies. In: Tasman
W, Jaeger EA, editors. Duane's clinical ophthalmology.
Revised ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott; 1993. p. 55-101. |
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| Figures and explanatory captions |
| Figures should be submitted as high-resolution JPG or GIF
files (preferably 600 dpi for color figures and 1200 dpi for line
art and graphs). They should be resubmitted as TIF files after
acceptance. Number figures as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, … in order of
citation. If one figure is divided into several sections, do not
combine it, but submit each of them separately. Illustrations
can be marked with arrows, letters, or other indicators, if
necessary. The explanatory caption of each illustration should
be understandable without references to the text. A photo featuring
a patient whose face can be identified should be accompanied
by a written consent from the patient. |
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| Tables |
| Each table should be numbered consecutively with Arabic
numerals according to their sequence in the text and given a
brief title. Each table should be on a separate page. Vertical
lines or oblique lines should not be used to separate columns.
Symbols can be used in the following order: *, †, ‡, §, Π, #.
Each symbol must be defined in the endnotes. Tables should be
independently comprehensible without references to the text. |
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| OTHER TYPES OF MANUSCRIPTS |
| Case reports |
| The above-mentioned requirements also apply to case
reports. The recommended length for manuscripts is approximately
6 pages on A4 paper with a 10-point font. It should include
a title page, abstract and keywords, introduction, case report,
discussion, acknowledgments, references, tables, and figure
legends. There should be an unstructured abstract less than
or equal to 200 words. |
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| Review |
| Reviews are invited by the editor and should be comprehensive
analyses of specific topics. They should be include a title
page, abstract and keywords, introduction, body text, conclusion,
acknowledgments, references, tables, and figure
legends. There should be an unstructured abstract less than or
equal to 200 words. |
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| Letters to the editor |
Letters to the editor should be concise comments focusing
on a recently KJO article. The letter should offer an alternative
perspective, elucidate a flaw in methodology or a perceived
misinterpretation of data, and address no more than two major
points. All letters are subject to editorial approval.
Letters should be limited to 700 words, be double-spaced and
include no more than five references. Please note that letters are
not published with tables or figures. The title is limited to 40
characters. A letter should open with “Dear Editor” and the article
being commented on should be referenced in the first paragraph
of the letter. Letters should end with the name, degree, department,
and institution of each author. For example, Gil Dong
Hong, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, St. Mary’s Hospital,
The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine. |
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| COST |
| Costs incurred for the publication of manuscripts will be
charged to the authors. Authors will receive 30 copies of their paper. |
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| PEER REVIEW PROCESS |
| To determine the acceptance of an article for publication, the
papers will be peer-reviewed by at least two members of the
editorial board. The Editor-in-Chief’s decision will be final.
Before publication, page proofs will be forwarded to the corresponding
author, who will bear the responsibility for the final
content, including all proofreading and copyediting changes. |
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| REQUIREMENTS FOR MANUSCIPRT
SUBMISSION |
| All manuscripts should conform to the requirements specified
herewith. |
1) The publication can be delayed for any manuscripts that
are not consistent with thesis format and not verified for
spelling errors.
2) If the relevant literatures published in Korea are not cited
without specific reasons, the manuscript can be disadvantaged
during the peer-review process.
3) Manuscripts should not be altered after the peer-review.
4) The corresponding author will double as the responsible
author, but a resident doctor cannot be a responsible author.
5) The Application for Publication form should bear the author’s
signature.
6) If there is a change in authors, the reasons for the change
should be submitted to the association to secure the consent
of the Editor-in-Chief. For the change in the first author
or the corresponding author, the consent of the
Editing Committee should be sought.
7) The name and institutional address of the author should
not be mentioned in the text. |
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| SUBMISSION |
| All manuscripts can be submitted via our online manuscript
submission service available at www.ophthalmology.org/kjo.
Authors who are unable to submit online should contact the
Editorial Office: |
Editor-in-Chief Young Suk Yu, MD
Korean Ophthalmological Society
Seocho World Officetel #1007
1355-3, Seocho 2 dong, Seocho gu
Seoul 137-862, Korea
Tel: 82-2-583-6520, Fax: 82-2-583-6521
E-mail: kos@ophthalmology.org
Webpage: www.ophthalmology.org/kjo/ |
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| REFERENCES RELATED TO INSTRUCTIONS
FOR AUTHORS |
1. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Uniform
Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical
Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication
[Internet]. International Committee of Medical Journal
Editors; 1979 [updated 2008 Oct; cited 2009 Nov 1].
Available from: http://www.icmje.org/urm_main.html.
2. Dorland WA. Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary
[Internet]. Elsevier; c1898 [updated 2008; cited 2009 Nov
1]. Available from: http://www.dorlands.com.
3. Korean Medical Association. English-Korean Korean-
English Medical Terminology [Internet]. Seoul (Korea):
Korean Medical Association; 1977 [updated 2005; cited
2009 Nov 1]. Available from: http://www.kamje.or.kr/term.
4. Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. Good
Publication Practice Guidelines for Medical Journals [Internet].
Seoul: Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors;
2008 [cited 2009 Nov 1]. Available from: http://kamje.
or.kr /publishing_ ethics.html.
5. Committee on Publication Ethics. Guidelines on Good Publication
Practice [Internet]. London: Committee on Publication
Ethics; 1999 April [cited 2009 Nov 1]. Available from:
http://publicationethics.org/static/1999/1999pdf13.pdf.
6. World Medical Association. Declaration of Helsinki [Internet].
Ferney-Voltaire: World Medical Association; 1964 [updated
2008 Oct; cited 2009 Nov 1]. Available from: http://
http://www.wma.net/e/policy/b3.htm.
7. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.
Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Visual
Research [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Association for
Research in Vision and Ophthalmology; [cited 2009 Nov 1].
Available from: http://www.arvo.org/eweb/dynamicpage.
aspx?site=arvo2&webcode=AnimalsResearch.
8. National Library of Medicine (US). MeSH [Internet].
Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 1954
[updated 2009, cited 2009 Nov 1]. Available from: http://
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=mesh.
9. Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. The International
System of Units [Internet]. Cedex (FR): Bureau International
des Poids et Mesures; 1960 [updated 1971; cited 2009 Nov
1]. Available from: http://www.bipm.org/en/si.
10. Patrias, K. Citing Medicine. The NLM style guide for authors,
editors, and publishers [Internet]. 2nd ed. Wendling
DL, technical editor. Bethesda (MD): National Library of
Medicine (US); 2007 [updated 2009 Jan 14; cited 2009 Nov
1]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine.
11. National Library of Medicine (US). Journals [Internet].
Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2009
[cited 2009 Nov 1]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.
nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=journals. |
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